The announcement that the Republic of the Congo, or Congo-Brazzaville, has been readmitted to the Kimberley Process, which aims to stem the flow of conflict diamonds, marks a breakthrough.
Congo-Brazzaville was expelled from the-then year-old process in 2004 for exporting diamonds from its war-wracked neighbour, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and falsifying certificates of origin.
"Congo-Brazzaville comes back now after a very serious domestic effort to put their house in order and to get their domestic systems to the level required," Karel Kovanda, chairperson of the Kimberly Process secretariat, told IPS. "It was quite an emotional moment. We're always happy to have new people (come on board the Kimberley Process)."
Congo-Brazzaville's fate is just the latest example of the enforcement procedure which gets its name from the South African city where one of the first meetings was held on stemming the flow of diamonds used by rebel armies or other groups to fund conflict.
Congo-Brazzaville, which gained its independence from France in 1960, saw a series of coups and assassinations from that time on, erupting into a full-scale civil war in 1997 when forces loyal to current President Denis Sassou Nguesso (who also ruled the country from 1979 to 1992) ousted President Pascal Lissouba with the support of the Angolan army.
The two-year conflict was estimated to have claimed at least 10,000 lives. A peace agreement signed by the Nguesso government with various rebel factions in March 2003 is still viewed as fragile.
Extending beyond the upheaval in Congo-Brazzaville, an even larger war in the immense DRC also raged, killing at least 3 million people and seeing a host of rebel armies attempting to profit from the country's natural resources, along with armed forces from Angola, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe.
Congo-Brazzaville's exportation of diamonds in numbers far beyond its ability to produce was the first warning sign that something was amiss, officials with the Kimberly Process say.
Diamonds also served as a driving force in the funding of Sierra Leone's 1991-2002 civil war which saw widespread atrocities committed by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF).
Smuggled diamonds from that country also fostered the long-running conflict in Liberia which, under President Charles Taylor, effectively served as the RUF's patron state. Taylor is currently awaiting trial in The Hague for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Now, the three part Kimberly Process aims to ensure that diamonds do not finance any entity seeking to overthrow a government recognized by the United Nations, that all diamond exports be accompanied by a Kimberley Process certificate proving origin, and that member states don't act as third-party brokers for non-member states.
"Countries must have a legal framework in place that uses necessary import and export controls and controls on issuance of certificates," says Stephane Chardon, chairperson of the Kimberly Process working group responsible for re-admitting Congo. "You must be able to trace the diamonds from the mine to the export points."
For its part the United States' Clean Diamond Trade Act, which was implemented in 2003, prohibits "the importation into, or exportation from, the United States of any rough diamond, from whatever source, that has not been controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme".
The European Union's position on conflict diamonds, meanwhile, was articulated in a 2001 position paper which affirmed that the Union and its member states "shall support and contribute to the efforts of the international community to break the link between conflict diamonds and the financing of armed conflict".
The struggle against conflict diamonds is far from over, though, observers said.
Even though the guns have fallen silent in Côte d'Ivoire's civil war, for example, the country remains split in half between a southern region controlled by forces loyal to the government of President Laurent Gbagbo and a northern and western one under the sway of the Forces Nouvelles (New Forces) rebel movement.
In October of this year, the United Nations Security Council renewed diamond sanctions against Cote d'Ivoire due to their concerns about the production and illicit export of the precious stones and asked that the Kimberley Process continued to communicate information to the body regarding the issue.
"The process certainly restricts the trade in blood diamonds but it hasn't totally eradicated it," said Ayesha Kajee, programme director with the International Human Rights Exchange (IHRE) at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. "But, in itself, this case is an indication that the Kimberley process has succeeded to some extent."

CongoBrazzaville: Blood Diamonds No Longer Country' s Best Friend
Automatically translated into Spanish thanks to WorldLingo
The announcement that the Republic of the Congo, or CongoBrazzaville, has been readmitted to the Kimberley Process, which aims to stem the flow of conflict diamonds, marks a breakthrough.
CongoBrazzaville was expelled from the-then year-old process in 2004 for exporting diamonds from its war-wracked neighbour, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and falsifying certificates of origin.
“CongoBrazzaville comes back now after a very serious domestic effort to put their house in order and to get their domestic systems to the level required,” Karel Kovanda, chairperson apagado the Kimberly Proceso Secretariado, told IPS. “IT was quite año emotional momento. We' re always happy to have new people (como él board the Kimberley Proceso). “
El Congo-Brazzaville' s fate is just the latest example apagado the enforcement procedimiento which gets its name from the South African city where one apagado the first reuniones was held él stemming the flow apagado diamonds Used by rebel armies ahora bien other groups to fund conflict.
CongoBrazzaville, which gained its independence from France in 1960, saw a series of coups and assassinations from that time on, erupting into a full-scale civil war in 1997 when forces loyal to current President Denis Sassou Nguesso (who also ruled the country from 1979 to 1992) ousted President Pascal Lissouba with the support of the Angolan army.
The two-year conflict was estimated to have claimed at least 10,000 lives. A peace agreement signed by the Nguesso government with various rebel factions in March 2003 is still viewed as fragile.
Extending beyond the upheaval in CongoBrazzaville, an even larger war in the immense DRC also raged, killing at least 3 million people and seeing a host of rebel armies attempting to profit from the country' s natural resources, along with armed forces from Angola, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe.
Congo-Brazzaville' s exportation of diamonds in numbers far beyond its ability to produce was the first warning sign that something was amiss, officials with the Kimberly Process say.
Diamonds also served as a driving force in the funding of Sierra Leone' s 1991-2002 civil war which saw widespread atrocities committed by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF).
Smuggled diamonds from that country also fostered the long-running conflict in Liberia which, under President Charles Taylor, effectively served as the RUF' s patron state. Taylor is currently awaiting trial in The Hague for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Now, the three part Kimberly Process aims to ensure that diamonds do not finance any entity seeking to overthrow a government recognized by the United Nations, that all diamond exports be accompanied by a Kimberley Process certificate proving origin, and that member states don' t act as third-party brokers for no member states.
“Countries must corta tiene legal framework en lugar that utilizado necessary importaciones and exportación controles and controles él issuance apagado certificates,” says Stephane Chardon, chairperson of the Kimberly Process working group responsible for readmitting Congo. “You must Be morralla to traza the diamonds from the mina to the exportación puntos. ”
For its part the United States' Clean Diamond Trade Act, which was implemented in 2003, prohibits “the importación into, ahora bien exportación from, the United States apagado any rough diamond, from whatever fuente, that has not been controlled through the Kimberley Proceso Certificación Diseño”.
The European Union' s position on conflict diamonds, meanwhile, was articulated in a 2001 position paper which affirmed that the Union and its member states “shall support and contribute to the efforts of the international community to break the link between conflict diamonds and the financing of armed conflict”.
The struggle against conflict diamonds is far from over, though, observers said.
Even though the guns have fallen silent in Côte d' ivoire' s civil war, for example, the country remains split in half between a southern region controlled by forces loyal to the government of President Laurent Gbagbo and a northern and western one under the sway of the Forces Nouvelles (New Fuerzas) rebel movement.
In October of this year, the United Nations Security Council renewed diamond sanctions against Côte d' ivoire due to their concerns about the production and illicit export of the precious stones and asked that the Kimberley Process continued to communicate information to the body regarding the issue.
“The process certainly restricts the trade in blood diamonds but it hasn' t totally eradicated it,” said Ayesha Kajee, programme director with the International Human Rights Exchange (IHRE) at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. “But, in itself, this case is an indication that the Kimberley process has succeeded to some extent.”

Congo-Brazzaville: Blood Diamonds no longer Country's Best Friend
Automatically translated into Italian thanks to WorldLingo
The announcement that the Republic of the congo, or Congo-Brazzaville, has been readmitted to the Kimberley process, which aims to stem the flow of conflict diamonds, marks a breakthrough.
Congo-Brazzaville was expelled from the-then year-old process in 2004 for exporting diamonds from its war-wracked neighbour, the Democratic Republic of congo (DRC), and falsifying certificates of origin.
“Congo-Brazzaville comes back now after a very serious domestic effort to put their house in order and to get their domestic systems to the level required,„ Karel Kovanda, chairperson lontano the Kimberly Process segretariato, told IPS. “IT was quite anno emotional momento. We're always happy to have new people (come si board the Kimberley Process). “
Congo-Brazzaville's fate is Just the latest example lontano the enforcement procedura which gets its name from the South African city where one lontano the first riunioni was held si stemming the flow lontano diamonds used by rebel armies ma other groups to fund conflict.
Congo-Brazzaville, which gained its independence from france in 1960, saw a series of coups and assassinations from that time on, erupting into a full-scale civil war in 1997 when forces loyal to current president denis Sassou Nguesso (who also ruled the country from 1979 to 1992) ousted president pascal Lissouba with the support of the Angolan army.
The two-year conflict was estimated to have claimed at least 10,000 lives. A peace agreement signed by the Nguesso government with various rebel factions in March 2003 is still viewed as fragile.
Extending beyond the upheaval in Congo-Brazzaville, an even larger war in the immense DRC also raged, killing at least 3 million people and seeing a host of rebel armies attempting to profit from the country's natural resources, along with armed forces from angola, Namibia, rwanda, Uganda and zimbabwe.
Congo-Brazzaville's exportation of diamonds in numbers far beyond its ability to produce was the first warning sign that something was amiss, officials with the Kimberly process say.
Diamonds also served as a driving force in the funding of Sierra Leone's 1991-2002 civil war which saw widespread atrocities committed by the Revolutionary United front (RUF).
Smuggled diamonds from that country also fostered the long-running conflict in liberia which, under president charles taylor, effectively served as the RUF's patron state. Taylor is currently awaiting trial in The Hague for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Now, the three part Kimberly process aims to ensure that diamonds do not finance any entity seeking to overthrow a government recognized by the United nations, that all diamond exports be accompanied by a Kimberley process certificate proving origin, and that member states don't act as third-party brokers for non member states.
“Countries must have a legal framework in place that uses necessary import and export controls and controls on issuance of certificates,„ says stephane Chardon, chairperson of the Kimberly process working group responsible for re-admitting congo. “You must Be bianchetti to traccia the diamonds from the estrae to the export punti. „
For its part the United States'Clean Diamond Trade Act, which was implemented in 2003, prohibits “the importazione into, ma esportazione from, the United States lontano any rough diamond, from whatever fonte, that has not been controlled through the Kimberley Process rilascio di attestati progettazione„.
The European Union's position on conflict diamonds, meanwhile, was articulated in a 2001 position paper which affirmed that the Union and its member states “shall support and contribute to the efforts of the international community to break the link between conflict diamonds and the financing of armed conflict„.
The struggle against conflict diamonds is far from over, though, observers said.
Even though the guns have fallen silent in Côte d'ivoire's civil war, for example, the country remains split in half between a southern region controlled by forces loyal to the government of president laurent Gbagbo and a northern and western one under the sway of the forces nouvelles (New Forces) rebel movement.
In October of this year, the United nations Security Council renewed diamond sanctions against côte d'ivoire due to their concerns about the production and illicit export of the precious stones and asked that the Kimberley process continued to communicate information to the body regarding the issue.
“The process certainly restricts the trade in blood diamonds but it hasn't totally eradicated it,„ said Ayesha Kajee, programme director with the international Human Rights Exchange (IHRE) at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. “But, in itself, this case is an indication that the Kimberley process has succeeded to some extent.„

Congo-Brazzaville: Blood Diamonds No Longer Country' s Best Friend
Automatically translated into German thanks to WorldLingo
The announcement that the Republic of the Congo, or Congo-Brazzaville, has been readmitted to the Kimberley Process, which aims to stem the flow of conflict diamonds, marks a breakthrough.
Congo-Brazzaville was expelled from the-then year-old process in 2004 for exporting diamonds from its war-wracked neighbour, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and falsifying certificates of origin.
„Congo-Brazzaville comes back now after a very serious domestic effort to put their house in order and to get their domestic systems to the level required,“ Karel Kovanda chairperson of the Kimberly Process Sekretariat told IPS. „IT was quite emotional Jahr Zeitpunkt. We' re always happy to have new people (als man board the Kimberley Process). „
Der Kongo-Brazzaville' s fate is just the latest example of the Verfahrensenforcement which gets its name from the South African city onewhere of the first Versammlungen was held man stemming the flow of diamonds used by rebel armies, aber other groups to fund conflict.
Congo-Brazzaville, which gained its independence from France in 1960, saw a series of coups and assassinations from that time on, erupting into a full-scale civil war in 1997 when forces loyal to current President Denis Sassou Nguesso (who also ruled the country from 1979 to 1992) ousted President Pascal Lissouba with the support of the Angolan army.
The two-year conflict was estimated to have claimed at least 10,000 lives. A peace agreement signed by the Nguesso government with various rebel factions in March 2003 is still viewed as fragile.
Extending beyond the upheaval in Congo-Brazzaville, an even larger war in the immense DRC also raged, killing at least 3 million people and seeing a host of rebel armies attempting to profit from the country' s natural resources, along with armed forces from Angola, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe.
Congo-Brazzaville'-Brazzaville' s exportation of diamonds in numbers far beyond its ability to produce was the first warning sign that something was amiss, officials with the Kimberly Process say.
Diamonds also served as a driving force in the funding of Sierra Leone' s 1991-2002 civil war which saw widespread atrocities committed by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF).
Smuggled diamonds from that country also fostered the long-running conflict in Liberia which, under President Charles Taylor, effectively served as the RUF' s patron state. Taylor is currently awaiting trial in The Hague for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Now, the three part Kimberly Process aims to ensure that diamonds do not finance any entity seeking to overthrow a government recognized by the United Nations, that all diamond exports be accompanied by a Kimberley Process certificate proving origin, and that member states don' t act as third-party brokers for Nicht-member states.
„Countries must schrämt hat legales gebrauchtes framework in Stelle that necessary import and Export controls and controls man issuance of certificates“ says Stephane Chardon, chairperson of the Kimberly Process working group responsible for Re-admitting Congo. „You must Be Weißbarsch to zieht the diamonds from the vermint to the PunktExport. “
For its part the United States' Clean Diamond Trade Act, which was implemented in 2003, prohibits „the Einfuhr into, aber Ausfuhr from, the United States of any rough diamond, from whatever Quelle that has not been controlled through the Kimberley Process Bescheinigung Scheme“.
The European Union' s position on conflict diamonds, meanwhile, was articulated in a 2001 position paper which affirmed that the Union and its member states „shall support and contribute to the efforts of the international community to break the link between conflict diamonds and the financing of armed conflict“.
The struggle against conflict diamonds is far from over, though, observers said.
Even though the guns have fallen silent in Côte d' ivoire' s civil war, for example, the country remains split in half between a southern region controlled by forces loyal to the government of President Laurent Gbagbo and a northern and western one under the sway of the Forces Nouvelles (New Forces) rebel movement.
In October of this year, the United Nations Security Council renewed diamond sanctions against Côte d' ivoire due to their concerns about the production and illicit export of the precious stones and asked that the Kimberley Process continued to communicate information to the body regarding the issue.
„The process certainly restricts the trade in blood diamonds but it hasn' t totally eradicated it,“ said Ayesha Kajee, programme director with the International Human Rights Exchange (IHRE) at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. „But, in itself, this case is an indication that the Kimberley process has succeeded to some extent.“

CongoBrazzaville: Blood Diamonds No Longer Country' s Best Friend
Automatically translated into Portuguese thanks to WorldLingo
The announcement that the Republic of the Congo, or CongoBrazzaville, has been readmitted to the Kimberley Process, which aims to stem the flow of conflict diamonds, marks a breakthrough.
CongoBrazzaville was expelled from the-then year-old process in 2004 for exporting diamonds from its war-wracked neighbour, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and falsifying certificates of origin.
“CongoBrazzaville comes back now after a very serious domestic effort to put their house in order and to get their domestic systems to the level required,” Karel Kovanda, chairperson fora the Kimberly Processamento secretariado, told IPS. “Was quite ano emotional momento. We' re always happy to have new people (como ele board the Kimberley Processamento). “
Congo-Brazzaville' s fate is just the latest example fora the enforcement procedimento which gets its name from the South African city where one fora the first meetings was held ele stemming the flow fora diamonds used by rebel armies ora other groups to fund conflict.
CongoBrazzaville, which gained its independence from France in 1960, saw a series of coups and assassinations from that time on, erupting into a full-scale civil war in 1997 when forces loyal to current President Denis Sassou Nguesso (who also ruled the country from 1979 to 1992) ousted President Pascal Lissouba with the support of the Angolan army.
The two-year conflict was estimated to have claimed at least 10,000 lives. A peace agreement signed by the Nguesso government with various rebel factions in March 2003 is still viewed as fragile.
Extending beyond the upheaval in CongoBrazzaville, an even larger war in the immense DRC also raged, killing at least 3 million people and seeing a host of rebel armies attempting to profit from the country' s natural resources, along with armed forces from Angola, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe.
Congo-Brazzaville' s exportation of diamonds in numbers far beyond its ability to produce was the first warning sign that something was amiss, officials with the Kimberly Process say.
Diamonds also served as a driving force in the funding of Sierra Leone' s 1991-2002 civil war which saw widespread atrocities committed by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF).
Smuggled diamonds from that country also fostered the long-running conflict in Liberia which, under President Charles Taylor, effectively served as the RUF' s patron state. Taylor is currently awaiting trial in The Hague for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Now, the three part Kimberly Process aims to ensure that diamonds do not finance any entity seeking to overthrow a government recognized by the United Nations, that all diamond exports be accompanied by a Kimberley Process certificate proving origin, and that member states don' t act as third-party brokers for No.member states.
“Countries must have a legal framework in place that uses necessary import and export controls and controls on issuance of certificates,” says Stephane Chardon, chairperson of the Kimberly Process working group responsible for readmitting Congo. “You must Be able to traça the diamonds from the mina to the export pontos. ”
For its part the United States' Clean Diamond Trade Act, which was implemented in 2003, prohibits “the importação into, ora exportação from, the United States fora any rough diamond, from whatever fonte, that has not been controlled through the Kimberley Processamento Certificação Modelo”.
The European Union' s position on conflict diamonds, meanwhile, was articulated in a 2001 position paper which affirmed that the Union and its member states “shall support and contribute to the efforts of the international community to break the link between conflict diamonds and the financing of armed conflict”.
The struggle against conflict diamonds is far from over, though, observers said.
Even though the guns have fallen silent in Côte d' Ivoire' s civil war, for example, the country remains split in half between a southern region controlled by forces loyal to the government of President Laurent Gbagbo and a northern and western one under the sway of the Forces Nouvelles (New Forças) rebel movement.
In October of this year, the United Nations Security Council renewed diamond sanctions against Cote d' Ivoire due to their concerns about the production and illicit export of the precious stones and asked that the Kimberley Process continued to communicate information to the body regarding the issue.
“The process certainly restricts the trade in blood diamonds but it hasn' t totally eradicated it,” said Ayesha Kajee, programme director with the International Human Rights Exchange (IHRE) at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. “But, in itself, this case is an indication that the Kimberley process has succeeded to some extent.”

Congo-Brazzaville: Blood Diamonds No To skirt Country' S Best Friend
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
The announcement that the Republic off the Congo, gold Congo-Brazzaville, has been readmitted to the Kimberley Process, which aims to stem the flow off conflict diamonds, marks has breakthrough.
Congo-Brazzaville was expelled from the-then year-old process in 2004 for exporting diamonds from its war-wracked neighbour, the Democratic Republic off Congo (DRC), and falsifying certificates off origin.
“Congo-Brazzaville comes back now after has very serious domestic effort to could their house in order and to get to their domestic systems to the level required,” Karel Kovanda, chairperson off the Kimberly Process secretariat, told IPS. “It was quite year emotional moment. We' Re always happy to cuts new people (like one board the Kimberley Process). “
Congo-Brazzaville' S fate is just the latest example off the enforcement procedure which gets its name from the South African city where one off the first meeting was held one stemming the flow off diamonds used by rebel armies gold other groups to fund conflict.
Congo-Brazzaville, which gained its independence from France in 1960, saw has series off blows and assassinations from that time one, erupting into has full-scale civil war in 1997 honest when forces to current President Denis Sassou Nguesso off (who also ruled the country from 1979 to 1992) ousted President Pascal Lissouba with the support the Angolan army.
The two-year conflict was estimated to cuts claimed At least 10,000 lives. With peace agreement signed by the Nguesso government with various rebel factions in March 2003 is still viewed have fragile.
Extending beyond the upheaval in Congo-Brazzaville, year even larger war in the immense DRC also raged, killing At least 3 million people and seeing has host off rebel armies attempting to profit from the country' S natural resources, along with armed forces from Angola, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe.
Congo-Brazzaville' S export off diamonds in numbers far beyond its ability to produce was the first warning sign that something was amiss, officials with the Kimberly Process say.
Diamonds also served have has off driving force in the funding Sierra Leone' S 1991-2002 civil war which saw widespread atrocities committed by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF).
Smuggled diamonds from that country also fostered the length-running conflict in Liberia which, under President Charles Taylor, effectively served have the RUF' S owner state. Taylor is currently awaiting trial in The La Hague for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Now, the three share Kimberly Process aims to ensure that diamonds C not finance any entity seeking to overthrow has government recognized by the United Nations, that Al diamond exports Be accompanied by has Kimberley Process certificate proving origin, and that member states don' T act have third-party brokers for non-member states.
“Countries must cuts has legal framework in place that use off necessary importation and export controls and controls one issuance certificates,” says Stephan Chardon, chairperson off the responsible Kimberly Process working group for Re-admitting Congo. “You must Be whitebait to trace the diamonds from the mine to the export points. ”
For its share the United States' Clean Diamond Trade Act, which was implemented in 2003, prohibits “the importation into, but export from, the United States off any rough diamond, from whatever source, that has not been controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Design”.
The European Union' S position one conflict diamonds, meanwhile, was articulated in A 2001 position paper which affirmed that the Union and its member states “shall international support and contribute to the efforts off the community to station-wagon the link between conflict diamonds and the financing off armed conflict”.
The struggle against conflict diamonds is far from over, though, observers said.
Even though the guns cuts fallen silent in Coast of Ivoire' S civil war, for example, the country remains Split in half between has government southern area controlled by forces honest to the off President Laurent Gbagbo and has off northern and western one under the sway the Forces New (New Forces) rebel movement.
In October off this year, the United Nations Security Council renewed diamond sanctions against Ivory Coast due to to their concerns butt the production and illicit export off the precious stones and asked that the Kimberley Process continued to communicate information to the body regarding the resulting.
“The process certainly restricts the trade in blood diamonds goal it hasn' T totally eradicated it,” said Ayesha Kajee, program director with the International Human Rights Exchange (IHRE) At the University off the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. “Goal, in itself, this box is year indication that the Kimberley process has succeeded to nap extent.”

Congo-Brazzaville: Ge  första erfarenh  diamanter inte för att kringgå den Country S bästa vän
Automatically translated into Swedish thanks to WorldLingo
Meddelandet, som republiken av Kongofloden, guld- Congo-Brazzaville, har readmitted till den processaa Kimberleyen, som syften att stem flödet av konfliktdiamanter, markerar har genombrott.
Congo-Brazzaville drevs ut från the-then årigt bearbetar i 2004 för att exportera diamanter från dess kriger-wracked grannet, den demokratiska republiken av Kongofloden (DRC) och falsifying av certifikat av beskärning.
”Kommer Congo-Brazzaville tillbaka nu, efter har haft mycket allvarligt inhemskt försök kunde deras hus in beställa, och att få till deras inhemska system till jämnt krävt,” Karel Kovanda, ordförande av Kimberly den processaa secretariaten, berättade IPS. ”Var det ganska det emotionella ögonblicket för året. Vi är alltid lyckliga till nytt folk för snitt (något liknande en stiger ombord den processaa Kimberleyen). ”
Är det Congo-Brazzaville' S ödet rättvist det senaste exemplet av framtvingandetillvägagångssättet som får dess känt från den sydafrikanska staden, var en av första möte rymdes en som stemming flödet av diamanter som användes av guld- rebelliska arméer andra grupper för att betala konflikt.
Congo-Brazzaville, som nådde dess självständighet från Frankrike i 1960, sågar har serie av slag, och lönnmord från den tid en som får utbrott in i, har den full-scale inbördeskriget i 1997 som är ärlig när styrkor till strömpresidenten Denis Sassou Nguesso av (vem härskade också landet från 1979 till 1992), avhyst presidentPascal Lissouba med servicen den angolanska armén.
Den two-year konflikten beräknades till snitt fordrade åtminstone 10.000 liv. Med fredöverenskommelse som undertecknas av den Nguesso regeringen med olika rebelliska fraktioner i mars 2003, beskådas fortfarande har bräckligt.
Den fördjupande det okända omstörtningen i Congo-Brazzaville, det även större året kriger i den enorma DRCEN som rasas också och att döda åtminstone 3 miljon folk, och att se har att vara värd av rebelliska arméer som försöker att gagna från naturresurserna för country S, tillsammans med krigsmakt från Angola, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda och Zimbabwe.
Den Congo-Brazzaville' S exporten av diamanter numrerar in den avlägsna det okända som dess kapacitet till jordbruksprodukter var den första varningen undertecknar, att något var amiss, representanter med Kimberlyen bearbetar något att säga.
Diamanter som tjänas som också, har har av drivkraft i finansieringSierra Leone inbördeskrig 1991-2002 som sågar utbredda grymheter som begås av den förenade revolutionären, beklär (RUF).
Smugglade diamanter från det land vårdade också denspring konflikten i Liberia som, under den presidentCharles tayloren, tjänade som effektivt har den statliga ägaren för RUF S. Tayloren väntar på för närvarande försök i laen Hague för krigsbrott och brott mot mänsklighet.
Nu kände igen de tre aktieKimberly processaa syftena att se till, att finans för diamanter C inte någon enhet som söker att omstörta har regeringen, vid Förenta nationen, att Aldiamantexporter medföljs by, har Kimberley det processaa certifikat att bevisa beskärning, och att medlemmen påstår, agerar inte har third-party mäklare för non-member påstår.
”Har landsmustsnitt den lagliga ramen in att förlägga det bruk av nödvändig importation, och exporten kontrollerar och kontrollerar certifikat för en issuance,” något att säga Stephan Chardon, ordförande av ansvarigKimberly den processaa funktionsdugliga gruppen för Re-admitting av Kongofloden. ”Måste du vara whitebait som spårar diamanterna från det min till exporten, pekar. ”
För dess aktie som de eniga tillståndens den rena diamanthandeln agerar, som genomfördes i 2003, förbjuder ”importationen in i, bara export från, Förenta staterna av någon grov diamant, från, allt vad källa, som inte har kontrollerats till och med Kimberley den processaa attesteringsdesignen”.
Europeiska unionerna placerar diamanter för en konflikt, artikulerades under tiden i A 2001 placerar pappers- som intygade att unionen och dess medlem påstår ”landskampservice och att bidra till försöken av gemenskapen till postera-vagnen anknyta mellan konfliktdiamanter och finansieringen av beväpnad konflikt”.
Ansträngningen mot konfliktdiamanter är långtifrån över, fast, sagda observatörer.
Segla utmed kusten av den Ivoire S inbördeskriget, även om vapnen klipper stupat tyst in, till exempel har har landsremainsen som delas i halva between, regerings- sydligt område som kontrolleras av styrkor som är ärliga till av presidenten Laurent Gbagbo och, av nordlig och västra under gungningen den nya (nya styrkor) rebelliska rörelsen för styrkor.
I Oktober av detta år förnyade diamantsanktionerna för Förenta nation seglar utmed kusten frågade säkerhetsrådet mot elfenben tack vare till deras bekymmerända produktionen och den olagliga exporten av ädelstenarna och att det Kimberley processaa som fortsättas till meddelar information till förkroppsliga angående resultera.
”Begränsar det processaa bestämt handeln i bloddiamantmål som den inte har totalt utrotat det,”, sade Ayesha Kajee, programdirektör med landskampmänsklig rättighetutbytet (IHRE) på universitetar av Witwatersranden i Johannesburg, Sydafrika. ”Boxas målet, i honom, detta är årsindikeringen som den processaa Kimberleyen har lyckas för att ta sig en tupplur grad.”,

Конго-Brazzaville: Диаманты крови не для обхода друга Country s самого лучшего
Automatically translated into Russian thanks to WorldLingo
Объявление республике с Конго, золота Конго-Brazzaville, readmitted к процессу Kimberley, который направляет запрудить подачу с диамантов конфликта, метки имеет прорыв.
Конго-Brazzaville был вытеснен от the-then процесс year-old в 2004 для ехпортировать диаманты от своего соседа войны-wracked, демократической республики с Конго (DRC), и фальсифицировать сертификаты с начала.
«Конго-Brazzaville come back теперь после того как имеет очень серьезное отечественное усилие смогл их дом в заказе и получить к их отечественным системам к необходимо уровню,» Karel Kovanda, председатель с секретариата Кимберли отростчатого, сказало IPS. «Было довольно моментом года эмоциональным. Мы всегда счастливы к людям отрезоков новым (как одна доска процесс Kimberley). «
Судьба Конго-Brazzaville' s справедлива самый последний пример с процедуры по принуждения получает свое имя от южного африканского города где одно с первой встречи держалось одно запруживая подачу с диамантов используемых rebel золотом армий другие группы для того чтобы фондировать конфликт.
Конго-Brazzaville, который приобрел свою независимость от Франции в 1960, пила имеет серию с дуновений и assassinations от того времени одного, извергая в имеют полномасштабное гражданскую войну в 1997 честном когда усилия к в настоящее время президенту Denis Sassou Nguesso с (также управляло страной от 1979 до 1992) ousted президента Паскаля Lissouba с поддержкой ангольская армия.
Двухклассный конфликт был оценен к отрезокам востребовал по крайней мере 10.000 жизней. При мирное соглашение подписанное правительством Nguesso с различными rebel факциями в марте 2003 все еще осматривает имейте утлое.
Удлиняющ за upheaval в Конго-Brazzaville, война года даже более большое в большом DRC также свирепствовало, убивающ по крайней мере 3 миллиона людей и видеть имеет хозяина с rebel армий пытая принести пользу от природные ресурсы country s, вместе с вооруженными силы страны от Анголы, Намибии, Руанды, Уганды и Зимбабве.
Экспортом Конго-Brazzaville' s с диамантов в номерах далеко за своей способностью произвести было первое предупредительный знак что-то было amiss, должностные лица с Кимберли, котор процесс говорит.
Также, котор служят диаманты имеют имеют с управляющей силы в фондируя гражданской войне 1991-2002 Sierra Leone s увидело widespread зверства порученные революционным объединенным фронтом (RUF).
Smuggled диаманты от той страны также воспитали длин-конфликт в Либерии, под президентом Charles Портноем, эффективно служила имеет положение предпринимателя RUF s. Портной в настоящее время ждет пробы в La Hague для военных преступления и преступление против человечества.
Теперь, процесс Кимберли 3 долей направляет обеспечить что финансы c диамантов не любая реальность изыскивая overthrow имеют правительство узнанное Организацией Объединенных Наций, чтобы экспорты диаманта Al были сопровожены мимо имеет сертификат Kimberley отростчатый доказать начало, и что статусы члена не действуют имеет third-party маклеров для положений non-member.
«Отрезоки сусла стран имеют правовую структуру in place используют с сертификаты обязательно экспортный контроль ввозки и и issuance управления одного,» говорят Stephan Chardon, председателя с ответственной рабочей группы Кимберли отростчатой для Re-admitting Конго. «Вы должны быть whitebait для того чтобы трассировать диаманты от шахты к пунктам экспорта. »
Для своего доля Соединенные Штаты очищает диамант Trade, котор поступок, который был снабжен в 2003, запрещает «ввозку в, только экспорт от, Соединенные Штаты с любого грубого диаманта, от любой источник, который не был проконтролирован через конструкцию аттестации Kimberley отростчатую».
Европейские диаманты конфликта положения одного Union s, между тем, были артикулированы в справка с изложением фактической стороны вопроса a 2001 которое подтвердило что соединение и свои статусы члена «члена международная поддержка и способствовать к усилиям с общины к станци-фуре соединение между диамантами конфликта и финансированием с вооруженного конфликта».
Схваткой против диамантов конфликта будет far from сверх, хотя, сказанные наблюдатели.
Даже если пушки режут упаденное молчком в свободном полете гражданской войны Ivoire s, например, остаток страны разделенный в половине имеет зону правительства южную контролируемую усилиями честными к президенту Laurent Gbagbo и имеет с северное и западное одного под sway движение усилий новое (новые усилия) rebel.
В октябре с этого года, санкции диаманта Совета безопасности Организации Объединенных Наций возобновленные против Берега Слоновои Кости из-за к их забот бодают продукцию и illicit экспорт с драгоценных камней и спросили что процесс Kimberley продолжался связывать информация к телу относительно приводить к.
«Процесс некоторо ограничивает торговлю в цели диамантов крови, котор он полно не искоренял ее,» сказал Ayesha Kajee, директор программы с международным обменом прав человека (IHRE) на университете с Witwatersrand в Johannesburg, Южной Африке. «Целью, в действительности, эта коробка будет индикация года которая процесс Kimberley преуспевал в объем ворсины.»

Kongo-Brazzaville: Blood Diamonds No Varen Country' s Best Friend
Automatically translated into Dutch thanks to WorldLingo
The announcement that the Republic off the Kongo, echter Kongo-Brazzaville, has been readmitted to the Kimberley Process, which aims to stem the flow off conflict diamonds, mark aan breakthrough.
Kongo-Brazzaville was expelled from the-then year-old process in 2004 for exporting diamonds from its war-wracked neighbour, the Democratic Republic off Kongo (DRC), and falsifying certificates off origin.
„Kongo-Brazzaville comes back now after aan very serious domestic inspanning to kunnen their hoes in order and to get their domestic systems to the niveau required,“ Karel Kovanda, chairperson off the Kimberly Process secretariaat, told IPS. „IT was quite emotional jaar moment. We' re always happy to have new people (als men board the Kimberley Process). „
Kongo-Brazzaville' s fate is Just the latest example off the enforcement procedure which gets its name from the South African city where one off the first bijeenkomsten was held men stemming the flow off diamonds used by rebel armies echter other groups to fund conflict.
Kongo-Brazzaville, which gained its independence from Frankrijk in 1960, saw hebben reeks off slag and assassinations from that time men, erupting into hebben full-scale burger war in 1997 when kracht trouw to current President Dennis Sassou Nguesso (who also ruled the country from 1979 to 1992) ousted President PASCAL Lissouba with the steun off the Angolan army.
The two-year conflict was estimated to have claimed at least 10,000 lives. AAN peace agreement signed by the Nguesso government with various rebel factie in March 2003 is still viewed aas breekbaar.
Extending beyond the upheaval in Kongo-Brazzaville, jaar even larger war in the enorm DRC also raged, killing at least 3 miljoen people and seeing aan host off rebel armies attempting to winst from the country' s natural hulpbronnen, along with armed kracht from Angola, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe.
Kongo-Brazzaville' s uitvoer off diamonds in numbers far beyond its ability to produce was the first warning sign that something was amiss, officials with the Kimberly Process say.
Diamonds also served aas aan driving forceren in the funding off Sierra Leone' s 1991-2002 burgerlijk war which saw widespread atrocities committed by the Revolutionary United Voorhoofd (RUF).
Smuggled diamonds from that country also fostered the long-running conflict in Liberia which, under President Charles Taylor, effectively served aas the RUF' s werkgever state. Taylor is currently awaiting trial in The Hague for war misdaad and misdaad against humanity.
Now, the three ver*trekken Kimberly Process aims to ensure that diamonds do not financieren any entity seeking to overthrow hebben government recognized by the United Volk, that DE diamond exports be accompanied by aan Kimberley Process certificate proving origin, and that member states don' t act aas third-party wisselagent for nee-member states.
„Countries must have hebben wettelijk framework in plaats that gebruiken necessary import and export controls and controls men issuance off certificates,“ says Stephane Distel, chairperson off the Kimberly Process working group responsible for re-admitting Kongo. „You must be witvis to schetst the diamonds from the ondermijnt to the export punten. “
For its ver*trekken the United States' Clean Diamond Trade Act, which was implemented in 2003, prohibits „the invoer into, echter uitvoer from, the United States off any rough diamond, from whatever bron, that has not been controlled through the Kimberley Process Certificatie Schema“.
The European Union' s positie men conflict diamonds, meanwhile, was articulated in hebben 2001 positie paper which affirmed that the Unie and its member states „shall steun and contribute to the inspanning off the internationaal community to stationcar the link between conflict diamonds and the financing off armed conflict“.
The struggle against conflict diamonds is far from over, though, observers said.
Even though the guns have fallen silent in Côte d' ivoire' s burgerlijk war, for example, the country remains split in half between aan southern gebied controlled by kracht trouw to the government off President Laurent Gbagbo and aan northern and western one under the sway off the Kracht Nieuw (New Krachten) rebel movement.
In October off this year, the United Volk Security Council renewed diamond sanctie against Ivoorkust te wijten to their concerns about the productie and illicit export off the precious stones and asked that the Kimberley Process continued to communicate informatie to the body regarding the afloop.
„The process certainly restricts the trade in blood diamonds drinken IT hasn' t totally eradicated IT,“ said Ayesha Kajee, programma director with the Internationaal Human Rights Exchange (IHRE) at the University off the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. „Doel, in itself, this plaatsen is jaar aanwijzing that the Kimberley process has succeeded to sommeren extent.“

[كنغ-برزّفيلّ]: دم ماس لا أن يطوّق [كونتر'] [س] [ولّ فريند]
Automatically translated into Arabic thanks to WorldLingo
يتلقّى الإعلان أنّ الجمهورية من كونغو, نوع ذهب [كنغ-برزّفيلّ], يتلقّى يكون اعترفت إلى [كيمبرلي] عملية, أيّ يهدف أن يصدّ الدفق من نزاع ماس, علامات إختراق.
طردت [كنغ-برزّفيلّ] كان من [ث-ثن] [ير-ولد] عملية في 2004 ل يصدر ماس من ه [ور-وركد] جار, الجمهورية ديموقراطيّة من كونغو ([درك]), ويزوّر شهادات من أصل.
"يعاود [كنغ-برزّفيلّ] الآن عقب يتلقّى جهد جدّيّة محلّية جدّا أن استطاع منزلهم في أمر وأن يحصل إلى نظاماتهم محلّية إلى المستوى يتطلّب," [كرل] [كوفندا], رئيس من [كيمبرلي] أمانة سرّ معامل, قال [إيبس]. "كان هو الى حدّ بعيد سنة عزم عاطفيّة. نحن دائما سعيدة إلى قطعات الناس جديدة (مثل واحدة لون [كيمبرلي] عملية). "
[كنغ-برزّفيلّ'] [س] قدر صحيحة المثال متأخّرة من الإنفاذ إجراء أيّ يحصل اسمه من المدينة افريقي جنوبي حيث واحدة من الاجتماع أوّل كان أمسكت واحدة يصدّ الدفق من ماس يستعمل بمتمرّدة جيوش نوع ذهب أخرى مجموعة أن يموّل نزاع.
يتلقّى [كنغ-برزّفيلّ], أيّ كسب استقلاله من فرنسا في 1960, منشار [سري] من ضرب وإغتيالات من أنّ وقت واحدة, يثور داخل يتلقّون حرب أهليّة [فولّ-سكل] في 1997 صادقة عندما قوات إلى رئيس حاليّة [دنيس] [سسّوو] [نغسّو] من (الذي أيضا حكم البلد من 1979 إلى 1992) يطاح رئيس باسكال [ليسّووبا] مع الدعم الجيش أنغوليّة.
قدّمت النزاع لمدّة سنتين كان إلى قطعات ادّعى على الأقلّ 10,000 حيوات. شاهدت مع سلام إتفاق يوقع ب [نغسّو] حكومة مع زمر مختلفة متمرّدة في مارس - آذار 2003 بعد يتلقّى هشّة.
يمدّد إلى ما بعد الإنقلاب في [كنغ-برزّفيلّ], سنة حتّى احتدّ حرب كبيرة في ال [درك] ضخمة أيضا, يقتل على الأقلّ 3 [ميلّيون بيوبل] ويرى يتلقّى مضيفة من جيوش متمرّدة يحاول أن يربح من ال [كونتر'] [س] [نتثرل رسورس], مع قوات مسلّحة من أنغولا, نميبيا, روندا, أوغندا وزمبابوي.
[كنغ-برزّفيلّ'] [س] كان تصدير من ماس في أرقام بعيدا إلى ما بعد قدرته أن ينتج الإشارة إنذار أولى أنّ شيء كان بشكل, مسؤولات مع [كيمبرلي] عملية يقول.
ماس أيضا يخدم يتلقّى من [دريف فورس] في ال يموّل [سرّا ليون'] [س] 1991-2002 حرب أهليّة أيّ رأى شناعة واسع انتشار يرتكب بالثوريّة يوحّد جبهة ([روف]).
عزّز يهرّب ماس من أنّ بلد أيضا ال [لنغث-رونّينغ] نزاع في ليبيريا أيّ, تحت رئيس شارلز تايلور, بشكل فعّال خدم يتلقّى ال [روف'] [س] مالكة دولة. يترقّب تايلور حاليّا محاكمة في اللا [هغ] لجريمة حرب وجرائم ضدّ إنسانية.
الآن, الثلاثة سهم [كيمبرلي] يهدف عملية أن يضمن أنّ ماس [ك] لا مالية أيّ ذاتية يبحث أن يسقط يتلقّى حكومة يميّز بالالأمم المتّحدة, أنّ [أل] ماس تصديرات يرافقوا جانبا يتلقّى [كيمبرلي] شهادة معامل يبرهن أصل, وأنّ دولة عضو لا يتصرّفون يتلقّى وسيطات طرف ثالث لبلد غير عضو دول.
"بلد عفن يتلقّى قطعات [لغل فرموورك] [إين بلس] أنّ يستعمل من إستيراد ضروريّة ويصدق تحكمات وتحكمات واحدة إصدار شهادات," يقول [ستفن] [شردون], رئيس من المسؤولة [كيمبرلي] [ووركينغ غرووب] معامل ل [ر-دميتّينغ] كونغو. "أنت ينبغي كنت بلد أن يتتبّع الماس من المنجم لغم إلى التصدير نقطات. "
ل ه ينظّف سهم الولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة ماس عمل تجاريّة, أيّ كان طبّقت في 2003, يحظّر "الإستيراد داخل, غير أنّ تصدير من, الولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة من أيّ ماس خشنة, من أيّما مصدر, أنّ يتلقّى لم يكن ضبطت من خلال [كيمبرلي] معامل تصديق تصميم".
الأوروبيّة [أونيون'] [س] موقعة واحدة نزاع مفصلت ماس, في الوقت نفسه, كان في [ا] 2001 موقعة ورقيّة أيّ أكّد أنّ الإتحاد ودولت عضوه "سوفت سيساند وسيسهم إلى الجهود دوليّة من الجماعة إلى [ستأيشن-وغن] الخطوة بين نزاع ماس والتمويل من نزاع مسلّحة".
الكفاح ضدّ نزاع ماس [فر فروم] على [, ثوو], ملاحظات يقال.
[إفن ثوو] المسدّس مدفع يقطعون يسقط يسكت في ساحل من [إيفوير'] [س] حرب أهليّة, مثلا, البلد يتلقّى أثر ينقسم في نصف فيما بين حكومة منطقة جنوبيّة يضبط بقوات صادقة إلى ال باتّجاه آخر رئيس [لورنت] غباغبو ويتلقّى من شماليّة وغربيّة واحدة تحت التمايل القوات جديدة (جديدة قوات) حركة متمرّدة.
في أكتوبر - تشرين الأوّل من هذا سنة, الالأمم المتّحدة أمن مجلس يجدّد ماس ينطح عقوبات ضدّ ساحل العاج واجبة إلى إلى اهتماماتهم الإنتاج وتصدير محظورة من ال [برسووس ستون] وسأل أنّ [كيمبرلي] عملية استمرّ أن يتّصل معلومة إلى الجسم بخصوص ال ينتج.
"يقيّد العملية بالتّأكيد التجارة في دم ماس هدف هو يتلقّى لم تماما يستأصل هو," قال [أشا] [كج], برنامج مديرة مع الدوليّة حقوق الإنسان تبادل ([إيهر]) في الجامعة من [ويتوترسرند] في جوهانسبورغ, جنوب افريقيا. "هدف, في بنفسي, هذا صندوق سنة دلالة أنّ [كيمبرلي] عملية قد نجح أن يقول مدى."